Ear Infections in Dogs: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

Diamond's Friends Pet Rescue
Jun 3
5 min read

If you’ve ever noticed your dog shaking their head, scratching their ears, or emitting an unusual stink from their ears, you might be dealing with an ear infection.

These are among the most common health issues in dogs, and we see them regularly in our newly rescued shelter pups. They are also one of the most treatable ailments your pup can get. So don’t worry!

Here’s what causes ear infections, how to recognize the signs, and what you can do to prevent them from coming back.

What Is an Ear Infection in Dogs?

According to PetMed, ear infections generally occur in the outer ear but may progress to the middle or inner ear. These infections can be caused by bacteria, yeast, or a combination of both that can overgrow and lead to an infection.

VCA also reports that ear mites can cause ear infections. Ear mites are more common in puppies than adult dogs.

Ear infections can be painful for dogs, so it’s important to get them treated.

What Is the Prognosis for Ear Infections in Dogs?

The prognosis for ear infections in dogs is good! Most dogs make a full recovery.

But, if your dog has chronic or frequent ear infections, additional testing might be needed to rule out underlying causes and prevent further complications.

How Common Are Ear Infections in Dogs?

Very! According to The Vets, up to 20% of dogs have some sort of ear disease.

Learn More: Common Health Issues Your Shelter Dog May Come Home With

How Are Ear Infections in Dogs Diagnosed?

You’ll likely be the first one to notice a potential ear infection in your dog. You may see things like your dog scratching at their ear more frequently, redness in their ear, and even a stench coming from their ear.

If you notice these things, it’s time for a trip to the vet.

Your veterinarian will examine your dog’s ears. Then, they’ll likely take a sample of the gunk in their ear and view it under a microscope to determine if the culprit is yeast, bacteria, or both.

In chronic or severe cases, additional tests may be needed, like:

Blood testing: To check for endocrine conditions
Culture testing: To identify the specific bacteria or yeast causing the infection and determine which antibiotics would be most effective
Head X-ray, CT, or MRI: To evaluate potential inner ear infections

How Do Dogs Get Ear Infections?

There are several ways dogs can get ear infections. These include:

Autoimmune diseases
Certain cancers
Ear mites
Ear trauma
Endocrine issues
Environmental allergies
Excess moisture from swimming or baths (the most likely culprit)
Food allergies
Polyps

What Are the Symptoms of Ear Infections in Dogs?

Common symptoms of ear infections include:

Ear discharge or swelling
Head tilt
Itching or scratching at their ears
Odor
Redness of the ear
Scabs or crust on the ear

Learn More: At-Home Dog Health Checks

What Health Issues Can Ear Infections in Dogs Cause?

If ear infections aren’t treated, they can:

Cause lethargy and lack of appetite
Damage your dog’s ear
Impact hearing
Lead to systemic illness

Potential long-term complications of ear infections may include:

Altered sense of balance
Permanent deafness
Signs of Horner’s syndrome (a neurological condition)

The bottom line is that treatment is critical if you want to prevent complications.

How Are Ear Infections in Dogs Treated?

Having your dog see a veterinarian if you are concerned they have an ear infection is important. Treatment will likely be a mix of veterinary intervention and at-home care.

Veterinary Intervention

Treatment can vary based on if your dog has an inner, middle, outer, or ear mite infection.

Infection Type	Usual Treatment	Possible Other Treatments
Inner	Antibiotics or anti-fungal medications Cleaning the ear	Potential hospitalization for IV therapy Restricted activity
Middle	Antibiotics Cleaning the ear	Anti-inflammatories Eardrum perforation
Outer	Cleaning the ear Medication	Anti-inflammatories Changing diet Treating potential underlying disease
Mites	Insecticides (i.e., Bravecto, Simparica, or Revolution)	Cleaning the ear Cleaning your home

Learn More: How To Choose a Veterinarian

At-Home Care

At home, you may need to assist with your dog’s recovery process if their veterinarian prescribes:

Anti-itch medications
Ear cleaners
Topical ear medications

Be sure to closely follow the vet’s instructions to ensure your dog makes a full recovery.

How Long Do Ear Infections in Dogs Last?

Most ear infections can be cured in two to six weeks, depending on the severity and location (outer, middle, or inner).

For ear mites, treatment can take up to 30 days.

Are Ear Infections in Dogs Deadly?

Usually, no. Most ear infections in dogs are not life-threatening. However, they may cause serious long-term health issues if not treated properly.

Are Ear Infections Contagious To Other Dogs?

Ear infections are generally not contagious between dogs unless the infection is caused by ear mites.

Are Ear Infections in Dogs Contagious To People?

Healthline reports that while it’s unlikely to happen, dogs can transmit ear mites to people.

So, if your dog has an ear mite infection, you’ll want to get them treated and clean any bedding or furniture you share with your dog. Also, wash items your dog uses regularly to reduce the chances of infection.

How Long Are Dogs With Ear Infections Contagious To Other Dogs or People?

If the infection is caused by ear mites, they can be contagious until treated.

How Can I Protect My Dog From Getting Ear Infections?

If you want to help your pup avoid getting ear infections, you can:

Address allergies that may cause excess wax or moisture
Clean your dog’s ears regularly (ask your vet how and how often)
Dry your pup’s ears well after swimming or bathing
Have regular ear checks during grooming or vet visits
Watch for seasonal flare-ups during allergy season

Some dogs, like pups with floppy ears, are more prone to ear infections. If your dog fits that description, staying proactive is your best bet.

Final Thoughts

Ear infections may be common, but they are treatable and preventable. With regular ear TLC, you can help your dog stay comfortable and infection-free.

If you ever suspect a problem, don’t wait to seek treatment. Your pup’s ears aren’t going to heal themselves.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended as professional medical advice. It is based on personal experience and online research. Please consult with your veterinarian if you are concerned about your dog's health.